化石燃料への補助金

世界的なエネルギー危機に対応するため、各国が化石燃料への補助金を積み増している。経済協力開発機構(OECD)と国際エネルギー機関(IEA)の集計では、2021年に前年からほぼ倍増した。ガソリンやガス代への補助などもあり、ロシアによるウクライナ侵攻で今年もさらに勢いを増す。6日、エジプトで始まる国連気候変動枠組み条約第27回締約国会議(COP27)を前に、脱炭素と逆行する動きが出ている。
化石燃料への補助金は、温室効果ガスの主要な排出源である化石燃料を使うことを助長する。さらに化石燃料インフラの新たな建設や拡大につながる。今後、何年にもわたって化石燃料を使い続けることになり、再生可能エネルギーへの転換が遅れるおそれがある。
OECDとIEAの分析によると、主要51カ国・地域で、昨年の化石燃料に対する政府の補助金は6972億ドルと前年からほぼ倍増しているという。新型コロナからの経済回復で、エネルギー需要が急増したためだ。
今年はウクライナ侵攻も重なり、燃料価格の上昇がさらにのしかかる。主要国で石炭、石油、天然ガスの生産への補助や、家計を守るとの理由で、消費への補助金を大幅に増やしている。IEAは「22年はさらに鋭く増加する」と予測する。

4 thoughts on “化石燃料への補助金

  1. shinichi Post author

    化石燃料への補助金が世界で倍増 脱炭素に逆行「今年はさらに増加」

    朝日新聞

    https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/cfdfea5c3d8dcfaebba976f2f8b552f575eaf1a6

     世界的なエネルギー危機に対応するため、各国が化石燃料への補助金を積み増している。経済協力開発機構(OECD)と国際エネルギー機関(IEA)の集計では、2021年に前年からほぼ倍増した。ガソリンやガス代への補助などもあり、ロシアによるウクライナ侵攻で今年もさらに勢いを増す。6日、エジプトで始まる国連気候変動枠組み条約第27回締約国会議(COP27)を前に、脱炭素と逆行する動きが出ている。

     昨年のCOP26では産業革命前からの気温上昇を1・5度に抑える「1・5度目標」を確認。また、石炭火力の段階的削減とともに、非効率な化石燃料への補助金の段階的廃止も打ち出された。

     化石燃料への補助金は、温室効果ガスの主要な排出源である化石燃料を使うことを助長する。さらに化石燃料インフラの新たな建設や拡大につながる。今後、何年にもわたって化石燃料を使い続けることになり、再生可能エネルギーへの転換が遅れるおそれがある。

     だが、エネルギー供給への不安で足元は大きく揺らぐ。OECDとIEAの分析によると、主要51カ国・地域で、昨年の化石燃料に対する政府の補助金は6972億ドルと前年からほぼ倍増しているという。新型コロナからの経済回復で、エネルギー需要が急増したためだ。

     今年はウクライナ侵攻も重なり、燃料価格の上昇がさらにのしかかる。主要国で石炭、石油、天然ガスの生産への補助や、家計を守るとの理由で、消費への補助金を大幅に増やしている。IEAは「22年はさらに鋭く増加する」と予測する。

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  2. shinichi Post author

    Fossil fuel

    Wikipedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel

    A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in the Earth’s crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel. The main fossil fuels are coal, crude oil and natural gas. Fossil fuels may be burned to provide heat for use directly (such as for cooking or heating), to power engines (such as internal combustion engines in motor vehicles), or to generate electricity. Some fossil fuels are refined into derivatives such as kerosene, gasoline and propane before burning. The origin of fossil fuels is the anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing organic molecules created by photosynthesis. The conversion from these materials to high-carbon fossil fuels typically require a geological process of millions of years.

    In 2019, 84% of primary energy consumption in the world and 64% of its electricity was from fossil fuels. The large-scale burning of fossil fuels causes serious environmental damage. Over 80% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by human activity comes from burning them: around 35 billion tonnes a year, compared to 4 billion from land development. Natural processes on Earth, mostly absorption by the ocean, can only remove a small part of this. Therefore, there is a net increase of many billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year. Although methane leaks are significant, the burning of fossil fuels is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming and ocean acidification. Additionally, most air pollution deaths are due to fossil fuel particulates and noxious gases. It is estimated that this costs over 3% of global GDP and that fossil fuel phase-out would save millions of lives each year.

    Recognition of the climate crisis, pollution and other negative impacts caused by fossil fuels has led to a widespread policy transition and activist movement focused on ending their use in favor of sustainable energy. However, because the fossil fuel industry is so heavily integrated in the global economy and heavily subsidized, this transition is expected to have significant economic impacts. Many stakeholders argue that this change needs to be a just transition and create policy that addresses the societal burdens created by the stranded assets of the fossil fuel industry.

    International policy, in the form of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action and the Paris Climate Agreement, is designed to facilitate this transition at a global level. In 2021, the International Energy Agency concluded that no new fossil fuel extraction projects could be opened if the global economy and society wants to avoid the worst impacts of climate change and meet international goals for climate change mitigation.

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  3. shinichi Post author

    Innovation Hub at COP27 to Promote Transformative Climate Solutions

    https://unfccc.int/news/innovation-hub-at-cop27-to-promote-transformative-climate-solutions

    Innovation Hub at COP27 to Promote Transformative Climate Solutions

    UN Climate Change News, 1 November 2022 – A UN Climate Change ‘Global Innovation Hub’ (UGIH) at the UN Climate Change Conference COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh is set to ratchet up the scale and effectiveness of innovation in tackling climate change and help deliver on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This will happen for the first time through a digital platform designed to facilitate collaboration between key innovators and investors who have a demand for climate and sustainability solutions (CSSs).

    Innovation in the field of climate action is crucial to support both behavioral and system changes necessary to shift the needle when it comes to cutting greenhouse gas emissions and build resilience to climate change. Innovation can for example apply to ways to generate clean energy, ways to make the construction sector more sustainable and ways to make food supply chain resilient to climate shocks.

    “The hub addresses current challenges in the innovation process and provides a space to rethink ways of addressing core human needs in the context of sustainable development,” says Massamba Thioye, Project lead Executive of UGIH for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). “We are creating a space for transformative innovation driven by demands for climate and sustainability solutions linked to human needs and engineered for radical collaboration in housing, nutrition and health, energy, access, mobility and more.”

    With the window of opportunity to tackle climate change rapidly closing, incremental steps are not enough. The Global Innovation Hub therefore intends to take a ‘moonshot approach’ – setting a goal and encouraging innovation to achieve it instead of what is perceived as possible with current solutions and technologies – thereby driving a profound transformation in how to meet climate goals.

    Virtual hub to enable “intelligent matchmaking”

    During COP27, the hub organizers will launch Version 1.0 of the Virtual Hub site – a tool for collating government entities demand for climate and sustainability solutions. Co-designed with Amazon Web Services and the Open Earth Foundation, version 1.0 of the platform enables the collection of global ambitions, a critical first step towards intelligent matchmaking and automated coalition building.

    The UGIH Pavilion at COP27 will feature up to 80 back-to-back sessions, each spotlighting a specific climate innovation theme, such as cities; digital finance; partners for tomorrow (incubators and accelerators); innovation for climate; youth; gender; and core needs/solutions.

    Concrete examples of areas of innovation that will be highlighted at the hub include:

    • The potential of bamboo as a material for sustainable construction and circular economic development. Reports show that bamboo has great potential as a renewable, lightweight and strong building material. Due to faster growth and higher carbon sequestration of bamboo plants compared to trees in the tropics, bamboo is starting to play an increasingly important role in future construction projects.
    • The potential of green hydrogen. With governments at COP26 agreeing to phase down coal, green hydrogen takes the stage at COP27, driving innovation in the collective commitment toward green energy. While the hydrogen production market is forecast to grow up to 9.2% per year until 2030, more than 95% of hydrogen production today is derived from fossil fuels. UGIH explores opportunities for green hydrogen development aligned with the SDGs and the Paris Agreement.
    • The potential of beans in improving food security. As climate change continues to negatively impact global food security, UGIH presents the launch of “Beans is How”, an initiative by the SDG2 Advocacy Hub aimed at highlighting the potential of beans as an affordable and accessible solution to the world’s growing health and climate challenges.
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