The World Wide Web is quite fragile. But it is huge. At the Internet Archive we collect one billion pages a week. We now know that Web pages only last about 100 days on average before they change or disappear. They blink on and off in their servers.
And the Web is massively accessible– unless you live in China. The Chinese government has blocked the Internet Archive, the New York Times, and other sites from its citizens. And other countries block their citizens’ access as well every once in a while. So the Web is not reliably accessible.
And the Web isn’t private. People, corporations, countries can spy on what you are reading. And they do. We now know, thanks to Edward Snowden, that Wikileaks readers were selected for targeting by the National Security Agency and the UK’s equivalent just because those organizations could identify those Web browsers that visited the site and identify the people likely to be using those browsers.

「現物としての書籍」特有の価値は間違いなくあるはずである。それは「紙であること」だ。当たり前だが、ネット通販で扱われる書籍は手に取ることができない。数ページを読むことができる「立ち読み機能」が付いているときもあるが、書店でパラパラとめくるほうが、現時点では使い勝手が良いのは紛れもない事実だ。
またネット通販には、中身の確認を補完するためにカスタマーレビューもあるが、一時期問題として巷を賑わしたように、ステルスマーケティング（ステマ）による賛同レビューはいまだ散見され、全幅の信頼がおけない状況もまだ完全に解消されていない。紙ならでは強みがあるのは、現にアマゾンがリアル店舗を出していることもその証左だ。
残念ながらこうした強みを活かした手段はまだ見いだせていない。しかし、無類の本好きの一人として、これ以上書店が減り続けるニュースは聞くに堪えない。微力ながら引き続き打開策を模索していきたい。

Ultimately, it’s hard to predict what final direction Web 3.0 will take us, and that’s precisely the point. By unlocking the web from the hands of a few players this will inevitably enable a surge in innovation and let services flourish which prioritise the user’s interests.
Apple, Google, Microsoft, and others have their own interests at heart (as they should), but that means that the user can often be viewed purely as a source of revenue, quite literally at the users’ expense.
As the Decentralised Web attracts the interest and passion of the mainstream developer community, there is no telling what new economies will emerge and what kinds of new technologies and services they will invent. The one certainty is they will intrinsically support their communities and user bases just as much as the interests of their creators.

The web was designed to be decentralised so that everybody could participate by having their own domain and having their own webserver and this hasn’t worked out. Instead, we’ve got the situation where individual personal data has been locked up in these silos. … The proposal is, then, to bring back the idea of a decentralised web.
To bring back power to people. We are thinking we are going to make a social revolution by just tweaking: we’re going to use web technology, but we’re going to use it in such a way that we separate the apps that you use from the data that you use.

The sun rises. It’s the dawn of not just a new day, but of a new century in our partnerships with clients. Cybersecurity protections are now more thorough and powerful; lethal IEDs may have met their technological match; disease is being fought faster; the fingerprints of criminals tell a story in an instant. These are our clients’ stories—and ours, too.

On the journey from trusted partner to essential partner, we’ve changed just one word that changes everything for our clients.

People wanted a focus on tech and combating online hate for years, but recently there’s been an increase in online hate. A good personal example of this is that they put out a press release announcing my position (the Anti-Defamation League’s first director of technology and society) and they made an announcement on Twitter as well. Within minutes of A.D.L. announcing this position, I opened up my Twitter feed and I found hateful symbols, I found echoes and swastikas and green frogs and people discussing my death. Within hours it became enhanced with statements of Holocaust denial, and within days it’s become ad hominem attacks based on Jewish stereotypes and misogyny. At this point it’s not surprising anymore that this occurs, but the speed of it, and the ferocity of it — that I think is shocking.

第１章　日本の書店がアマゾンとメガストアだけになる日
第２章　活字ばなれといわれて４０年
第３章　「街の本屋」は４０年間、むしられっぱなし
第４章　「中くらいの本屋」の危機
第５章　電子書籍と出版界
第６章　本屋は儲からないというけれど
第７章　「話題の新刊」もベストセラーもいらない

ネット空間では、匿名で何を言ってもよいのか――。
ソーシャルメディアの普及によって、誰もが簡単に発信できる時代がやってきた。多様な言論や表現が生まれた一方で、悪辣な書き込みが誰かの人権を傷つける場合もある。歴史的に「表現の自由」の問題に敏感なフランスでは、大きな議論を巻き起こしたツイッターをめぐる裁判を契機に、ネット上のヘイトスピーチ規制に向けての動きが活発化している。自由を守るべきか、規制を設けるべきか。ネット時代の「表現の自由」のあり方を考える。

The tendency of netizens to form self-contained groups is strengthened by what Eli Pariser, an internet activist, identified five years ago as the “filter bubble”. Back in 2011 he worried that Google’s search algorithms, which offer users personalised results according to what the system knows of their preferences and surfing behaviour, would keep people from coming across countervailing views. Facebook subsequently became a much better—or worse—example. Although Mark Zuckerberg, the firm’s founder, insists that his social network does not trap its users in their own world, its algorithms are designed to populate their news feeds with content similar to material they previously “liked”. So, for example, during the referendum campaign Leavers mostly saw pro-Brexit items; Remainers were served mainly pro-EU fare.

The clear implication is that for weak believers in man-made climate change, comforting news will have a big impact, and alarming news won’t. Strong believers will show the opposite pattern. And because Americans are frequently exposed to competing claims about the latest scientific evidence, these opposing tendencies will predictably create political polarization — and it will grow over time.
In the case of information about ourselves — about how attractive others perceive us to be, or how likely we are to succeed — people normally alter their beliefs more in response to good news. In certain circumstances, that will also be true for political issues — as in the case of weak climate change believers. But at times, good political news can threaten our deepest commitments, and we will give it less weight.
These findings help explain polarization on many issues. With respect to the Affordable Care Act, for example, people encounter good news, to the effect that it has helped millions of people obtain health insurance, and also bad news, to the effect that health care costs and insurance premiums continue to increase. For the act’s supporters, the good news will have far more impact than the bad; for the opponents, the opposite is true. As the sheer volume of information increases, polarization will be heightened as well.
Essentially the same tale can be told with respect to immigration, terrorism, increases in the minimum wage — and candidates for the highest office in the land.

All summer, kids have been hanging out in front of the Morris Park Library in the Bronx, before opening hours and after closing. They bring their computers to pick up the Wi-Fi signal that is leaking out of the building, because they can’t afford internet access at home. They’re there during the school year, too, even during the winter — it’s the only way they can complete their online math homework.

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Social media is defined as ‘both the technology and the use of a varied category of internet services inspired by the participatory web or web 2.0, which enables users to create and share digital content, whether textual, audio or video’. The intelligence community is increasingly embracing social media as both collection and analytical tools to support different decision making requirements. Ormand, Barlett and Miller provide a good overview of how social media has and could be used in national intelligence frameworks. For example, social media could be used for crowd sourcing information to get a better flow of information in emergency/crisis situations such as in natural disasters or riots. Social media is also useful in generating better understandings of indicators for violence and radicalization as well as providing what they refer to as ‘near time situational awareness’ where we can collect and cluster social media outputs to get a sense of unfolding events such as the current Ebola outbreak in West Africa. A good example, of providing situational awareness would be being able to monitor effectively Facebook and Twitter as they captured events leading up to the 2011 Egyptian revolution. Event detection technology can profile words over time suggesting that like events might be occurring.

Algorithms are ubiquitous in our lives. They map out the best route to our destination and help us find new music based on what we listen to now. But they are also being employed to inform fundamental decisions about our lives.
Companies use them to sort through stacks of résumés from job seekers. Credit agencies use them to determine our credit scores. And the criminal justice system is increasingly using algorithms to predict a defendant’s future criminality.

今、エロ本の販売部数が激減しているらしい。知り合いの雑誌編集者に訊いたところ、業界自体が低迷しているし、年寄りもインターネットをやる時代なので、ほとんど虫の息だという。
エロ本の定番といえば、包茎手術の広告だろう。「包茎のままでは女のコにモテないゾ」などと情弱（情報弱者）な若者を脅す商売だ。さらに「病気になる」「早漏になる」などと追い討ちをかけられ、不安と恐怖に打ちのめされた若者はバイトで貯めたカネを握って「やさしい」院長のいるクリニックの扉を開く。
しかし、チンポを見てから彼氏を決める女のコなどいるはずもない。
女性誌の定番のダイエットの広告も同様。「夏に間に合う」「わずか10日間」などと謳い、「彼氏ができた」といった購入者の喜びの声をでっちあげる。普通に考えれば、ブスが痩せたところでモテるわけがない。モテない原因は別のところにある。
「改革しなくちゃ日本は生き残れないゾ」「憲法を変えないと自信を持てないゾ」「集団的自衛権がなければ日本を守れないゾ」と脅せば、仮性包茎の情弱がコロリと騙される。

情報弱者と情報強者の違いは知識量ではありません。「多方面に情報を捉えられるか？」これが両者を分ける違いとなります。
・情報弱者→一方向から情報を捉える
・情報強者→多方向から情報を捉える
これがすべてです。

Though databases as tools for psychological research are in their infancy, thinking about their ideal organization is surprisingly far along. Three schools of thought have emerged. But the technology for databases is being innovated so rapidly that it is premature to judge any approach as best. In fact, a hybridization containing elements of all three is becoming possible thanks to technological developments and the work of some far-thinking scientists.

「評価の高い雑誌に報告されているものが有用で間違いがない」というのが幻想であることはSTAP細胞で実証済だ。氾濫する情報の中で、どれが本物で、どれが偽物か、専門家でも難しい中で、それを医療現場で取り入れるのは容易ではない。また、遺伝暗号は人種差・民族差があるので、日本で報告されたデータが欧米で再現できなくとも、それが間違っていると判断できず、真贋論争に決着をつけるのをさらに難しくしている。この観点からは、遺伝情報が類似しているアジア諸国、特に、中国や韓国との協力が極めて重要となる。
また、医療関係者や研究者が、日々飛び交う新しい情報を自分で入手してすべて確認することなど不可能と言っていい。われわれが読みこなすことのできるデータの数十倍、数百倍、いや数千倍の情報が提供されている。日本では、民主党政権時代に、コンピューターの計算速度を競うことが必要かどうかといった論争があったが、いくら早く計算できても、それを十分に活用できるだけの人材が育っていないことの方が問題である。

Artificially intelligent weapon systems will thus be capable of making their own decisions, for instance, about their target, or their approach to their target, and of doing so in an ‘intelligent’ fashion. While they will be programmed to make decisions according to certain rules, in important circumstances their actions will not be predictable. However, this is not to say that they will be random either. Mere randomness provides no support for a claim to autonomy. Instead the actions of these machines will be based on reasons, but these reasons will be responsive to the internal states —‘desires’, ‘ beliefs’ and ‘values’— of the system itself. Moreover, these systems will have significant capacity to form and revise these beliefs themselves. They will even have the ability to learn from experience.

Weintraub’s dimensions of public and private

Dürscheid’s classification of private and public communication online

While conventional right-wing politicians delivered lectures, or spoke in a style that was orotund and pompous, flat and dull, or rough and brutish, Hitler followed the model of Social Democratic orators such as Eisner, or the left-wing agitators from whom he later claimed to have learned in Vienna. And he gained much of his oratorical success by telling his audiences what they wanted to hear. He used simple, straightforward language that ordinary people could understand, short sentences, powerful, emotive slogans. Often beginning a speech quietly, to capture his audience’s attention, he would gradually build to a climax, his deep, rather hoarse voice would rise in pitch, climbing in a crescendo to a ranting and screaming finale, accompanied by carefully rehearsed dramatic gestures…as he worked his audience into a frenzy emotion. There were no qualifications in what he said; everything was absolute, uncompromising, irrevocable, undeviating, unalterable, final…he exuded self-confidence, aggression, belief in the ultimate triumph of his party, even a sense of destiny.

水，万物滋生的摇篮，更是文化孕育的温床，扬州应水而生，过往熙攘文人骚客应水指引来此一聚，更是才子佳人厚爱的地方。《红楼梦》中林黛玉思乡想到“春花秋月，山明水秀，二十四桥，六朝遗风”，不知引发了多少人对二十四桥的联想。2016年，钟书阁也被这个天灵地杰的地方吸引而来，更愿以己之魅力丰富扬州之美！

Soon after Malala woke up in a London hospital bed, Edelman announced it was handling her media needs pro bono. Edelman staff worked to help the family deal with the waves of media and public interest. Together, the group created a Malala brand: a brand of hope, advocacy and peace.
With only five team members on her account, Edelman has successfully managed her press (there is currently a weeklong waiting period for any interviews), her book coverage and her humanitarian efforts.
While her story is one to be remembered for decades, without the help of a dedicated PR team, it could easily lose its message. Many are unaware of Edelman’s work in this particular story. The agency did not boast about it or advertise it; its staff merely provided their services.

When you read the news, sometimes it can feel like the only things reported are terrible, depressing events. Why does the media concentrate on the bad things in life, rather than the good?
Many people often say that they would prefer good news: but is that actually true?
People who were more interested in current affairs and politics were particularly likely to choose the bad news.
And yet when asked, these people said they preferred good news. On average, they said that the media was too focussed on negative stories.
We pay attention to bad news, because on the whole, we think the world is rosier than it actually is. When it comes to our own lives, most of us believe we’re better than average, and that, like the clichés, we expect things to be all right in the end. This pleasant view of the world makes bad news all the more surprising and salient. It is only against a light background that the dark spots are highlighted.

どうしてテレビのニュースはわるいことやこわいことをたくさんはなすのに、うみびらきとかのたのしいことやうれしいことはすこししかやらないんですか？（10代男子）
運動会が開かれました、というよりも3組の山田くんが事故にあいましたの方が、みんなの話題になるでしょう？　テレビはたくさんの人に見てもらわないとお金になりません。ですので、刺激的で話題性のあるものがニュースになるのです。

Finally, compared to the other disciplines, political science did rather poorly. This lower ranking may reflect the fact that in recent years the discipline has become dominated by more complex methodologies such as formal modeling and statistics. Policymakers tend to eschew, in the words of one respondent, “all formulaic academic, as opposed to historically based temperamental, realist projects,” preferring, in the words of another, “historical analysis, case studies, theoretical writings that illustrate theory with case studies and concrete examples.” The higher the respondent’s government rank, the less likely an individual was to rank political science positively. The same was true for respondents with greater education. Only policymakers with a political science background were more likely to rank the discipline highly than others.

Algeria has blocked Facebook and other social networks in an attempt to stop people cheating in exams.
The country has taken the decision to cut off access to social networks after papers and exam questions were leaked online. The decision comes ahead of the beginning of retakes of some important exams after they were already leaked, and the government said that it had taken the decision so that people would no longer be able to share leaked papers.
Earlier this month, police arrested dozens of people in an attempt to find out how parts of high school exams had made it onto social media.
People are unable to access sites including Facebook and Twitter over both normal internet connections and 3G services.
In a statement Sunday, the Ministry of Post and Information and Communication Technology said that the “cut of social networks has a direct relationship with the matriculation exams” which begin Sunday. It said that it had made the move to protect students from “phony topics” that were being circulated online.
Officials said that it had taken the decisions because the papers being circulated were false and so would give students the wrong impression.
No other parts of the internet have been affected, meaning that people are still able to communicate – and potentially cheat – in private.

Furthermore, when media and the digital world become omnipresent, their influence can stop people from learning how to live wisely, to think deeply and to love generously. In this context, the great sages of the past run the risk of going unheard amid the noise and distractions of an information overload. Efforts need to be made to help these media become sources of new cultural progress for humanity and not a threat to our deepest riches. True wisdom, as the fruit of self-examination, dialogue and generous encounter between persons, is not acquired by a mere accumulation of data which eventually leads to overload and confusion, a sort of mental pollution. Real relationships with others, with all the challenges they entail, now tend to be replaced by a type of internet communication which enables us to choose or eliminate relationships at whim, thus giving rise to a new type of contrived emotion which has more to do with devices and displays than with other people and with nature. Today’s media do enable us to communicate and to share our knowledge and affections. Yet at times they also shield us from direct contact with the pain, the fears and the joys of others and the complexity of their personal experiences. For this reason, we should be concerned that, alongside the exciting possibilities offered by these media, a deep and melancholic dissatisfaction with interpersonal relations, or a harmful sense of isolation, can also arise.

The Walt Disney Company has a reputation for lobbying hard on copyright issues. The 1998 copyright extension has even been dubbed the “Mickey Mouse Protection Act” by activists like Lawrence Lessig that have worked to reform copyright laws.
This year, the company is turning to its employees to fund some of that battle. Disney CEO Bob Iger has sent a letter to the company’s employees, asking for them to open their hearts—and their wallets—to the company’s political action committee, DisneyPAC.

Fans read the papers and follow the rumors — that Benzema is unwanted at this time, in part, because of his Algerian ancestry.
Stories like that, fanned by the old French favorite Eric Cantona, are dangerously incendiary at a time when the country is trying to ensure that the 51-game tournament will be safe and secure.
Benzema doesn’t quite go along with the implication that racism is behind his exclusion from the team, but he lamented to a Spanish sports newspaper, Marca, last week that he feels unjustly victimized by the allegations without ever stepping foot in a court of law.
In the meantime, Giroud has his spot on the national team, and is doing the only thing he can do to keep his jersey: scoring goals.

先日、都内近郊に１０店舗展開する芳林堂が自己破産した。２月５日に自主廃業した出版取次老舗の大洋社自主廃業による影響が大きいとのことだ。昨年起きた出版取次４位の栗田出版倒産など、数年前から出版関連企業が次々と閉鎖や廃業に追い込まれている。出版・書店業界はこのまま手を拱くしかないのだろうか？気がつけば街中から消えてしまった米屋や八百屋、酒屋と同じ運命をたどるしかないのだろうか？
改めて確認すると、出版不況の文字通り、書店、出版社、取次など出版関連企業は極めて厳しい状況に置かれている。出版科学研究所によると、書籍の流通量を示す２０１５年の出版販売額は、１兆６，０００億円を割り込み、前年比５．３％の減の１兆５，２２０億円にまで減少。１９５０年に調査開始以来、過去最大の落ち込みとなっている。
現在の出版不況を引き起こしている原因や背景には、ネット通販や電子書籍の普及、活字離れ、人口減少（特に地方）などあると言われており、さらには、出版業界特有の慣習（再販価格維持制度や取次によるパターン配送など）が、その本来持っていた機能が裏目になりつつあり、結果刃が逆になって持ち主を傷つけ始めている背景もある。

社会という大きな視点で考えた場合、インターネットがもたらした本質的な革命とは、誰もが正しい判断を行うために必要な「情報」に平等にアクセスする環境をもたらしたことにある。持たざる者に情報という名の武器を与え、強者と対等に闘うための武器を与えたのだ。

Facebook and the other social sites expose us to more outright dumb statements and expressions, but those folks were presumably always that dumb. We just didn’t get wind of it before.

Over the past few years I’ve had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or something, has been tinkering with my brain, remapping the neural circuitry, reprogramming the memory. My mind isn’t going—so far as I can tell—but it’s changing. I’m not thinking the way I used to think. I can feel it most strongly when I’m reading. Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and I’d spend hours strolling through long stretches of prose. That’s rarely the case anymore. Now my concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages. I get fidgety, lose the thread, begin looking for something else to do. I feel as if I’m always dragging my wayward brain back to the text. The deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle.

Rather than the answer, the Internet is actually the central question about our connected twenty-first-century world.
Rather than promoting economic fairness, it is a central reason for the growing gulf between rich and poor and the hollowing out of the middle class. Rather than making us wealthier, the distributed capitalism of the new networked economy is making most of us poorer. Rather than generating more jobs, this digital disruption is a principal cause of our structural unemployment crisis. Rather than creating more competition, it has created immensely powerful new monopolists like Google and Amazon.
Rather than creating transparency and openness, the Internet is creating a panopticon of information-gathering and surveillance services in which we, the users of big data networks like Facebook, have been packaged as their all-too-transparent product. Rather than creating more democracy, it is empowering the rule of the mob. Rather than encouraging tolerance, it has unleashed such a distasteful war on women that many no longer feel welcome on the network. Rather than fostering a renaissance, it has created a selfie-centered culture of voyeurism and narcissism. Rather than establishing more diversity, it is massively enriching a ting group of young white men in limousines. Rather than making us happy, it’s compounding our rage.

Social media, we all know, can make you unproductive. If you’re indiscreet or offensive, it can complicate your relationships. But can it also make you downright dumb?
How can spending more time on Facebook or Twitter end up making us stupider?
It’s not just that all those hours clicking crops in Farmville and the like simply represnts time that could be spent, say, reading a book and actually learning something. The greater problem seems to be the human tendency to copy others.
Social networking probably isn’t making you smarter. In fact, it could be making you dumber by supplying answers and insights without requiring any actual thinking, so that your analytic powers begin to waste away like an unused muscle.

Organizational IQ measures a company’s ability to quickly process information and make effective decisions. As industry clockspeeds accelerate everywhere, a high IQ has become a prerequisite for survival. Low IQ companies that the authors studied, on the other hand, have already vanished.

This book Norman Mailer’s written about me is full of factoids!

Guardian book review described how Lurpak butter was named after the lur, a curved brass horn popular in the first and second millennia BC in and around Denmark, referring to this as a “fascinating factoid”. It may have been fascinating, but a factoid is not a small fact. It’s a mistaken assumption repeated so often that it is believed to be true.
At least, that was the meaning ascribed to the word by Norman Mailer, who is widely credited with coining it, in his 1973 biography of Marilyn Monroe. Mailer said factoids were “facts which have no existence before appearing in a magazine or newspaper”.

大型書店「紀伊国屋書店新宿南店」（東京都渋谷区）が７月下旬をめどに、売り場を大幅に縮小させ、事実上撤退する方針であることがわかった。計６フロア（約４千平方メートル）ある売り場のうち、６階のみを洋書専門店として残す。紀伊国屋は「ビルの所有者側と賃料交渉がまとまらなかった」としている。
紀伊国屋によると、新宿南店は、ＪＲ新宿駅新南口に近いタカシマヤタイムズスクエア南館に１９９６年１０月オープン。当時、全国最大規模の大型書店として話題になった。現在は若者を主なターゲットにコミックを幅広く扱うなど、同駅東口に近い新宿本店との差別化を図ってきたが、客足が伸びなかった。オープンから２０年を迎え、９月の契約満了を控えて交渉が続いていた。

科学的な報道には、事実を伝える「レポーティング」と、事実を追求する「ジャーナリズム」の2種類の役割があると思います。「ガーディアンやニューヨークタイムスに比べて、日本の記事はダメ」という批判がありますが、日本の科学関連の原稿は「レポーティング」については、うまくいっていると考えています。
調べてみると、日本語で読める科学の記事の量は、単一言語としては、圧倒的に多く、新聞でも一番メインの記事では、科学的な成果を分かりやすく伝えています。研究成果の“翻訳”はうまくいっていると考えます。
ただ、新聞でも、社会問題を扱う記者が、科学の問題を論じたりすることがあり、科学的な視点も含めて、社会的に適切な選択をするための議論はうまく誘導できていないと思います。
テレビや地方の新聞では、科学を専門とするセクションがないことも多い中で、事実を追求し、複雑なものを複雑なまま、転写して伝える「ジャーナリズム」の方は、機能が衰えていると思います。水俣病やBSEように、結果的に当初のマイノリティの意見の方が正しかったにもかかわらず、外から見ると多数決で決まったように見え、少数派の意見は存在しないように、受け取られてしまうことが起きています。

The latest disturbing sign of government pressure on the media is public TV broadcaster NHK’s dismissal of current affairs presenter Hiroko Kuniya, which has caused widespread dismay among journalists. She hosted “Close Up Gendai,” one of the few NHK programmes to contain investigative reporting and analysis. Her interview of chief cabinet secretary Yoshihide Suga in July 2014 has been cited as one of the reasons for her contract’s termination last month.
Other journalists have been the subjects of presumably forced departures. They include Shigetada Kishii, a Mainichi News journalist and anchor of the “News 23” programme on the TBS channel, who criticized the proposed security legislation at the end of last year, and Ichiro Furutachi, a well-known government critic who presented TV Asahi’s “Hodo Station” programme.

2016 World Press Freedom Index

4月より文部科学大臣報道専門官(大臣報道官)に就任いたしました。忙しい日々を過ごさせていただいております。
情報発信の任務の一つとして、文部科学省のホームページに担当コーナーを設けました！
トップページにございます、『今日の出来事』というコーナーで、日々の文科省の取り組みなどをほぼ毎日動画または写真とともにアップしております。動画は私が取材、撮影し、ナレーションも入れております。皆さん『今日の出来事』をよろしくお願いいたします❗️
また、文部科学省公式facebook『文部科学省 MEXT』でも、「櫻木大臣報道官 通信」を更新しておりますので、そちらもよろしくお願いいたします❗️

There may be only one thing super-rich men fear more than the tax authorities, and it’s a wife gearing up for divorce. Panama has havens for that too.

ＩＣＩＪなどが入手した内部文書の分析からは、警備大手セコムの創業者や親族につながる複数の法人が一九九〇年代に租税回避地につくられ、当時の取引価格で計七百億円を超す大量のセコム株が管理されていたことが分かった。
創業者は取締役最高顧問の飯田亮氏（８３）と元取締役最高顧問の故戸田寿一氏。複数の専門家は「この仕組みで親族への相続税や贈与税がかなり圧縮できるはずだ」と指摘した。
セコムコーポレート広報部は取材に「税務当局に詳細な情報開示を行って、適正な税金を納めている。課税を免れるためのものではない」と書面で回答。ただ、情報開示や納税の具体的内容に関しては説明を避けた。
文書はセコム株保有にかかわる各法人の役割を説明した書類や法人の定款、株主名簿など。日本と英国の弁護士やパナマの法律事務所「モサック・フォンセカ」が協議していた。創業者の死後に備えセコム株を親族らに取り分けておくことなどが目的と記されていた。
文書によると、法人が設立された租税回避地は英領バージン諸島、ガーンジーで、飯田氏や故戸田氏は法人を使い大量のセコム株を間接的に管理する仕組みを構築。これに伴い両氏が直接保有するセコム株は大幅に減少した。
さらに株の一部は、両氏の親族につながる租税回避地の法人がそれぞれ管理する形とした。法人間の取引は贈与にならない。

In post-war Japan, Makoto Iida and Juichi Toda came to be known as the founding fathers of the country’s security industry. In 1962, the long-time friends and business partners created Secom Co., the first Japanese firm to provide security services to private and commercial properties.
In the early 1990s, Iida and Toda also created a complex system of Japanese private companies and offshore entities in tax havens such as the British Virgin Islands and Guernsey, in the English Channel, according to incorporation documents and private correspondence. The documents stated that the purpose of the shell firms was to distribute Secom stock holdings among Iida and Toda’s relatives ahead of their deaths.
The records are part of a larger cache of files – more than 11 million in all – that was obtained by the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung, and shared with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and other media partners.
The documents show the inner workings of Mossack Fonseca & Co., a Panama-based law firm that specializes in building corporate structures that can be used to conceal assets. The leaked documents include emails, client records, and corporate filings from 1977 to 2015. The files, known collectively as the Panama Papers, contain information about 214,488 offshore entities connected to people in more than 200 countries and territories, including Japan.

Some of the world’s biggest aid agencies voiced concern on Monday that they may be further exposed to risk from the murky world of offshore finance after the latest release of the Panama Papers showed the name of the Red Cross was falsely used.
The cache of documents revealed how Panamanian law firm Mossack Fonseca created dummy foundations, with one of its fictitious beneficiaries listed as the “International Red Cross.”
The misappropriation of the International Committee of the Red Cross’ (ICRC) name was condemned by the Swiss-based agency and other international aid organisations concerned about the reputational risk this may carry for the sector as a whole.
The leaked emails, which first appeared in European newspapers, suggested the law firm used the humanitarian organisation as a cover when facing down demands for information from prying banks and financial institutions.

「日銀がマイナス金利にしたって本当？」
「日銀は、3年前から大規模な金融緩和をやってきました。『量的・質的金融緩和』とか『異次元緩和』と呼ばれています。これをもっと強力にするため、1月にマイナス金利もはじめました。」
「マイナス金利になると、私が銀行に預金しているお金も減ってしまうの？」
「マイナス金利といっても、銀行が日銀に預けているお金の一部をマイナスにするだけ。個人の預金は別の話です。」
「マイナスにはならなくても少しは下がるでしょう？」
「普通預金金利は0.02％だったのが、0.001％になりました。」
「それで消費が悪くなったりしない？」
「100万円預けて1年間の利息が200円だったのが10円になったということです。消費を悪くするほどの規模ではありませんよね。」
「もともと200円しかもらえなかったんだ。それがひどいんじゃない？」
「そのとおりですね。100万円預けた時の利息が1000円未満になったのは1999年。もう15年以上、預金金利はとても低くなっています。でもそれは『デフレ』だったからで・・・」
「そうすると銀行が損しない？大丈夫？」
「たしかに銀行にとっては、預金金利はマイナスにならないのに、貸出金利は下がるので、その分儲けは少なくなります。」
「でも大丈夫です。日本の金融機関は、リーマンショックでも傷ついていないし、とても健全です。去年もたくさん収益を上げています。日銀の預金でもマイナス金利にするのは一部だけにして、あまり銀行が困らないようにしました。」

Making 283 Useful Ideas from Japan was an “information design” exercise, i.e. communicating a large body of information, in the shortest amount of readers’ time, with a high memory retention coefficient. Coming up with the design was easy. Pictorially representing the book’s diverse objects, situations, and concepts took a bit of thought. Eventually I ruled out photography because, in my experience, the likelihood of mass-producing truly engaging photographs was slim. Additionally, the logistics—assembling/coordinating the objects and environments, the stylist, the photographer, his/her assistant, etc.—would be complex and expensive. Illustration seemed the way to go.

「消費税を増税するタイミングではない」「緊縮財政をやめ、政府支出の増加こそ望まれている」。国際金融経済分析会合に招かれたスティグリッツ教授は、確かに消費税の延期や財政出動の重要性に言及した。
しかし、格差是正や幸福度の研究に目を向けてきた教授は、世界経済が抱える問題に幅広く提言したはずだ。最も重要な点は、景気は後退または停滞する可能性が高い中で、緩慢な成長の果実が一部のトップ層に偏り、格差が一段と拡大していると指摘したことだ。
景気低迷の原因は需要不足にあり、平等性を高める政策は需要を増やして効果的だと強調。具体的には賃金上昇と労働者保護を強める政策、財政出動なら教育や若者の健康への政府支出を求めた。
政権は、参院選を意識して補正予算編成のお墨付きとしたいのかもしれないが、教授はやみくもに財政出動を促したわけではない。むしろ法人税減税は投資に寄与しないから反対し、炭素税や相続税、株などの譲渡益課税については増税すべきだと主張した。
日銀のいわゆる異次元緩和政策についても「限界が近い」と指摘し、過度に金融緩和に依存する政策に警鐘を鳴らした。こうした「耳の痛い」提言こそ傾聴すべきで、消費税増税延期や補正予算編成の方便だけに利用することは許されない。

「インタラクティブ」という点では、ラジオはテレビよりはるかにインターネットに近い。その特性を活かせれば、ラジオの立ち位置は大きく変わる。
ラジオは、インターネットが広まる以前から、ある一定の「インタラクティブ」性を持ったメディアとして、実はテレビ以上に可能性を秘めている。しかも経験も豊富。現状ではテレビ以上に経営が厳しく、新しい事への挑戦が難しい立場にあるが、アイディア次第では独自に、あるいはインターネットとの連携で非常に楽しい、興味深い展開が開けてくるかもしれない。個人ベース、または小規模グループで気軽に開局できる「ネットラジオ」もその可能性の一つとして注目すべき対象。
メディア上の「インタラクティブ」性は、「禁断の果実」と表現できるかもしれない。その果実の味を知ってしまった視聴者に、どのような対処をしていくのか。テレビもラジオも、「これまでの」視聴者性向ではなく「今現在の」、そして「これからの」視聴者の求めているものを考える必要があるのだろう。

「新聞離れ」は他人事じゃない。そう考えた社内の若手有志が「次世代研究所」っていうチームを勝手に作って、対策を考えています。このたび「東京新聞にダメ出し会議」を始めました。メンバーが街へ飛び出し、さまざまな分野の人たちの声を聞き、紙面に生かそうという試みです。新聞の何がいけないのか。どうすれば新聞の未来は開けるのか。

民放連の井上弘会長は17日の定例記者会見で、高精細の「4K」で放送される番組に関し、著作権を守るため、視聴者が録画できない技術仕様にすることも検討すべきだとの考えを示した。電機メーカーなどとつくる業界団体に対し、既に申し入れたとしている。
井上会長は、番組を違法コピーした動画がネット上に多く出回り、放送局や出演者らの権利を侵害している現状を指摘。「4Kは非常に高精細で、（原盤の）マザーテープがどんどん出ていくことになる。録画してくださいとはなかなかいかない」と述べた。番組をネット配信するなどして、視聴者の便宜を図る考えも示した。

The four largest Chinese banks have stopped yuan and dollar cash transfers to North Korea, reports the Japanese newspaper Tokyo Shimbun.
The reported measure is part of rising international pressure on Pyongyang following its latest nuclear test and rocket launch earlier this year.
Last month, several Chinese banks reportedly froze suspended cash deposits and transfer services for accounts held by North Koreans.

The U.S. Department of Defense today announced the formation of a new Defense Innovation Advisory Board, with the idea of improving the department with help from people in the private sector from Silicon Valley and other areas.
Eric Schmidt, the executive chairman of Google’s umbrella company Alphabet, will be the chair of the board. He and Defense Secretary Ash Carter will be choosing the rest of the board members, of which there will be as many as 12, according to a statement.
The areas of focus will be both technology and management, according to the statement.
The timing is interesting. Currently Apple is squaring off against multiple parts of the federal government over the encryption of an iPhone that belonged to one of the San Bernardino shooters, and a Google executive was tapped here, rather than someone from Apple.

Before what we did, you could not have supported cryptography outside a fairly integrated organisation. If you look at the US Department of Defense, it’s very large, but very centralised; everybody knows the chain of command.
They can have a trusted entity run by the National Security Agency (NSA) to manage the keys used by the military and government. If you were in the military, and it was part of your assignment to talk to somebody securely in another part of the military, they would supply you with a key, and every morning you come out and put one in your teletype machine or phone or whatever.
But the internet is not just meant for friends to talk to friends, it’s for everybody to talk to everybody. Until you have public key cryptography you have no way of arranging the keys on demand at a moment’s notice for these secure communications.
That’s what browsers do with websites all the time. Amazon, eBay, all of the merchants on the internet encrypt at least some of the traffic you have with them, at the very least the payment portion of it.
At the time the NSA reacted like any other enterprise that has had a monopoly in a market for a long period of time. Suddenly somebody was treading on its turf, and it made several attempts to recapture its market.

Public-key cryptography was mathematically elegant and also quite elementary. That’s what made it so powerful and so wonderful.
The NSA said “Wait a minute: this work should be classified.” They had been accustomed to being the only place that cryptography was done. They didn’t want a competitor developing algorithms that maybe they would have trouble breaking into. They wanted to hold the keys to the kingdom.
There was a big fight between the academic and industry research community and the NSA. But it was settled fairly amicably, fairly quickly. The next problem was who would control the development of cryptography standards for the US government.
The NSA does this for military and diplomatic communications, but there’s a vast need for cryptography for civilian agencies such as health and human services, education, agriculture. The National Bureau of Standards had been doing this in the 1970s but in the 1980s the NSA began pushing in this direction.
Congress, who had always looked more favourably on the civilian side, put the National Institute of Standards and Technology in charge.
But the law also included this little thing about three people from NSA approving certain things. They exercised tremendous control, and kept blocking standards that were more friendly to the commercial sector. That battle went on between 1987 until the mid 1990s. It was quite ugly.

Standards bodies write up “here’s how encryption works, here’s how you implement it in your software”, and the NSA was actually working against that effort.
Ever since the Snowden revelations were published in 2013, there’s been quite a movement to further encrypt the internet.
I think there’s been an awakening on the part of private companies that it is important to their users to keep their data confidential and secret.
Apple saw these revelations about the overreach of intelligence services and law enforcement services, and created a phone that was harder to crack because they wanted to increase the security of their users. I do believe that.
The Apple case is very hard. I see the arguments on both sides. I see the fact that the FBI wants access to this information, and I also see Apple’s need to protect its customers’ privacy.

The groundbreaking algorithm from Whitfield Diffie (right) and Martin Hellman (left) enabled a secure Internet and sparked a clash with the NSA that foreshadowed current privacy battles between government agencies and Silicon Valley companies.

After the publication of “New Directions in Cryptography” (1976), the conflict intensified as the NSA waged a concerted campaign to limit the distribution of Diffie and Hellman’s research.
An NSA employee even sent a letter to the publishers warning that the authors could be subject to prison time for violating U.S. laws restricting export of military weapons.
These skirmishes became known as the first of the “crypto wars.”
Ultimately, the NSA failed to limit the spread of their ideas, and public key cryptography became the backbone of modern Internet security.

ただ、何をもって、何と比べて、何がどう違うかがあいまいなまま、わざわざ「世界に誇るおもてなしの心」などということをコンセプトに入れるのは、日本人に向かってならともかく、外国人に対してはやめておいたほうがよいということを申し上げているのです。
プロジェクトのコンセプトというのは、やはり重要であり、このような上から目線」の考え方はすべてにあらわれ てしまいます。そして、まだ日本のことをよく知らない外国人の目には、その商品と「おもてなしの心」の関連性は、非常に奇怪に映ってしまう恐れがあるのです。
逆を考えてみましょう。たとえば、先の国際観光客到着数ランキング(図表 2 – 2 )を見てみると、ヨーロッパにおいて国際観光客到着数で日本（2013年は1036万人）と同レベルの国を探すと、ハンガリー( 1068 万人)、クロアチア( 1096 万人)という国が挙がります。両国とも実際に足を運んでみればいい国でしょうし、見どころもたくさんあるでしょう。ただ、ひとつはっきりと断言できるのは、世界的な評価においても、数字としての評価においても、両国は「観光立国」ではないということです。もちろん、ヨーロッパにおいてもハンガリーやクロアチアに「観光立国」というイメージはありません。
そんなハンガリーやクロアチアがいきなり世界に向かって「私たちの国には世界に誇るホスピタリティがある」などと言い出したら、みなさんはどう思われるでしょうか。不快に思うというほどではありませんが、実力がともなわない宣言だけに、白けてしまわないでしょうか。観光のイメージが何もない国の人たちが、「上から目線」で自分たちが世界でも特別な存在だと胸を張っているように見えてしまうからです。客に「おもてなし」をほめられたとき、謙虚に「とんでもないことです」などと否定する精神も、日本人の美徳なのではないでしょうか。
心外かもしれませんが、日本が「世界に誇るおもてなし文化」ということを世界に向かって声高に叫べば叫ぶほど、外国人は冷ややかになっていってしまうのです。もしも本当に日本が観光立国を目指そうというのなら、このような発信がプラスに働かないということは言うまでもありません。

A Normandy Beach landing photo they don’t show in textbooks – Brave women of the Red Cross arriving in 1944 to help the injured troops, WWII.

In 1029, the Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni burned the library and all the books found to be heretical.
Gansu Province is known as the western gateway to China. Dunhaung is an ancient town along the trade route known as The Silk Road. In 1900 a secret doorway was discovered. Documents dating from 406 to 1002 CE were found in what has become known as The Library Cave. Walled off in the early 11th century, up to 50,000 manuscripts were kept there. While some people think the cave was a storage room, others think it was a monastic library that was hidden from invaders.
The image on the right shows the Pelliot Cave 163.
Mostly written in Chinese, the silk, paper, and hemp scrolls focused on Buddhist content. However other words could also be found. Most of the documents were distributed to libraries around the world, but are coming together in the form of the International Dunhuang Project designed to make the documents available online at no cost.

Japanese energy, oil and gas, and transport industries have been among those targeted by a group of cyberattackers focusing its efforts on Japanese critical infrastructure.
According to research at Cylance SPEAR, the cyber threat group had previously been targeting U.S. defence agencies but has recently turned its attention to East Asia. While SPEAR does not believe the criminals have yet conducted “destructive or disruptive” attacks, it argues that they have been patiently and persistently spying on a range of Japanese organisations, such as construction companies and financial firms.
The researchers have dubbed the campaign Operation Dust Storm, and have identified phishing lures related to current affairs as the attackers’ tool of choice. Last year, the group infiltrated the investment branch of a Japanese automaker, implementing a second-stage backdoor.

以前はマイナンバーが開始されたら、個人番号は他人に分からないように、そして盗まれないように大切に保管しましょう！」と政府は言っていました。、最近はマイナンバーカードを作成して買い物にも持って行きましょう！とまるっきり逆になってしまったんです。深く考えず思いつきで作られた制度と言う事が良く分かります。マイナンバーカード作成は良く考えてください。

私が最近憤慨した表記が「統一と聖戦」です。日本の多くのマスメディアが、イラクでテロの猛威を振るうイスラム・テロ組織「タウヒード・ワ・ジハード」にあてた邦訳です。この組織は、ヨルダン人アブムスアブ・ザルカウィが率いる「イラクの聖戦アルカーイダ機構」の前身ですが、「統一と聖戦」という訳は甚だしい誤訳です。「タウヒード・ワ・ジハード」の正しい訳は「神の唯一性と聖戦」です。「神の唯一性」を「統一」と間違えたわけです。この誤訳は何に由来するのでしょうか。
「タウヒード・ワ・ジハード」のタウヒードについて、英米通信社は通常ユニティー（unity）と英訳しています。ユニティーを英和辞典で引けば、まず「統一」の訳語が目につきます。そこで、日本マスメディアの記者や編集者は、「統一と聖戦――イスラム過激派が統一して聖戦を行うという意味だな。これでいこう」となったのではないでしょうか。私の記者時代とデスク時代の経験に基づく推測です。実は、米英通信社がユニティーという英訳に持たせた意味は「統一」ではありません。「唯一性」、つまりトリニティー（trinity）（神の三位一体）に対する「神の唯一性」という意味を持たせたのです。
タウヒード・ワ・ジハードの誤訳の根は、米英通信社電に依存している日本マスメディアの現状にあると言ってよいでしょう。

効いてますマイナス金利、ゆうちょ銀行を買った人ほぼ全員含み損へ突入

• マイナス金利なんていうから分かりにくい｡ペナルティーだよ｡
• ゆうちょとか預かり金額1300万に増額されるのに、運用マジどうすんだろｗ
• ゆうちょ、どないするんやろか。10兆くらいは株に回さざるを得ないように見える。
• 日本で一番BOJの付利に依存している金融機関がゆうちょ銀行～まあよくマイナス金利にしたよねえ～GPIFの含み損が広がるほうが問題と見たのかもしれないが
• 上場初値1680円→上場来高値1823円→公開価格1450円割れ→1300円

最高に情弱向け、日本郵政とゆうちょ銀行とかんぽ生命を買うだけの投信「日本郵政株式/グループ株式ファンド」

• 購入時手数料1.62%、信託報酬0.6912%ってｗ 三社の株買ってほっとくだけだろｗ
• 三井住友信託銀行ね。運用しないけど手数料は貰うビジネス。ターゲットは株やったことないひと。営業は良心とのせめぎ合いか、とっくに捨てたか。リテールてエゲツないね
• こういう情弱から金を騙し取る事しか考えてない会社は本当に潰れてほしい
• 明らかに投資はじめての人から搾り取る用ファンドなのでそこそこ売れると思う
• 郵政3社の株式はシニア層が購入して、それが国庫に入り、またそれが社会保障や医療費としてシニア層に回るというお金のマイムマイムなのかな。

近日，国家安全机关和公安机关联合破获一起危害国家安全案件，成功打掉一个以“中国维权紧急援助组”为名、长期接受境外资金支持、在境内培训和资助多名“代理人”、从事危害国家安全犯罪活动的非法组织。彼得·达林（瑞典籍）等犯罪嫌疑人被依法采取刑事强制措施。
彼得说，“差不多所有的报告都是通过网上搜索查询等方式做出来的，并不能反映真实全面的情况，具体案例我没有亲眼所见，我不能保证报告中的内容属实。”

平成25年度 国の財務書類（PDFファイル）

今週はずっと昔の書類を探して古いファイルを漁る日々。欲しいものが１９４８年と１９５０年と１９７０年、そして１９９４年に散らばって存在してました。欲しい情報がまるでパズルになっていてちょっとだけ面白い。

「国立感染症研究所村山庁舎における高度安全実験室（BSL-4）施設に関する要望書」（PDFファイル）

大家好，
我有話對大家說。
對不起，本應該早些出來道歉。
因為不知道如何面對現在的情況，
一直不敢直接面對大家，
所以現在才站出來。
中國只有一個，
海峽兩岸是一體的，
我始終為自己是一個中國人而感到驕傲。
我做為一個中國人，
在國外活動時，由於言行上的過失，
對公司、對兩岸網友的情感造成了傷害，
我感到非常非常地抱歉，也很愧疚。
我決定中止目前中國一切的活動，認真反省，
再次再次地向大家道歉，對不起。

The Dark Web and Cyber Security Threat service monitors and analyzes hacking campaigns and groups across all ideologies (or lack thereof)—from those soliciting stolen data on the dark web, jihadist-motivated hacking groups, and everywhere in between. Reports and analyses cover hack claims, announcements and developments of hacking campaigns, details of released data, and other important information.

В декабре 2014 год новость о начале проекта «Турецкий поток» была сенсационной. Владимир Путин сообщил об этом на совместном брифинге с Реджепом Тайипом Эрдоганом. Тогда же стало известно об отказе России проводить «Южный поток» через территорию Болгарии. Четыре газопроводных нитки по дну Чёрного моря должны были доставлять газ из России в Турцию, а потом дальше — к берегам Греции и в другие страны Юго-Восточной Европы. Турция не только получала голубое топливо для собственных нужд, но и становилась мощным транзитёром газа.

« Wikipédia ne vous demande pas si vous avez un diplôme, les contributions sont jugées sur la qualité des arguments. »
« Nous les admins, nous sommes vus comme les méchants »
Une administratrice de Wikipédia
« Notre but est que chacun puisse se dire “je peux participer” »
Nathalie Martin, directrice exécutive de Wikimédia France

「TBSニュースバード」は、1998年の開局以来、24時間ニュースチャンネルとして速報性を重視したニュースを積極的に放送しています。ニュースは地上波の各報道番組で放送されたものを利用していますが、独自の企画もあり、約40名のスタッフは、ノンリニア編集機による編集作業から、企画、演出、生放送のスタジオ運行などマルチに活躍しています。

• おびただしい量の情報が飛びかう社会では、なにが真実か、どれを選ぶべきか、的確で迅速な判断が強く求められている。新聞の責務は、正確で公正な記事と責任ある論評によってこうした要望にこたえ、公共的、文化的使命を果たすことである。
• 編集、制作、広告、販売などすべての新聞人は、その責務をまっとうするため、また読者との信頼関係をゆるぎないものにするため、言論・表現の自由を守り抜くと同時に、自らを厳しく律し、品格を重んじなければならない。
• 表現の自由は人間の基本的権利であり、新聞は報道・論評の完全な自由を有する。それだけに行使にあたっては重い責任を自覚し、公共の利益を害することのないよう、十分に配慮しなければならない。
• 新聞は歴史の記録者であり、記者の任務は真実の追究である。報道は正確かつ公正でなければならず、記者個人の立場や信条に左右されてはならない。論評は世におもねらず、所信を貫くべきである。

Most readers are familiar with the heroic version of the Cuban missile crisis — initially fashioned by journalists in the first years after the event, encouraged by JFK himself, popularized by the writings of Kennedy administration insiders like Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. and Theodore Sorensen, and given wide currency in dramatizations such as “The Missiles of October.” In this version, the courageous young American president, always cool under fire, successfully resisted the aggressive designs of the Soviet Union and its puppet regime in Cuba to win a decisive victory over Communism.
This heroic consensus did not last long.

Son format de timbre-poste intrigue, amuse, séduit, et affiche d’emblée sa dimension d’objet, propice à la collection. Mais au-delà de l’objet, il est aussi, et surtout, un livre. Pourvu d’un numéro ISBN, satisfaisant à l’obligation de dépôt légal à la Bibliothèque nationale de France, il est produit dans le cadre d’une politique éditoriale précise et exigeante.

Bookstores are dead, long live bookstores. The publishing industry will learn that bookstores need to be curated, special experiences for customers who want to meet, drink coffee, and maybe buy a book or two. This means two things: used bookstores will thrive while Barnes & Noble will finally fall. I’d honestly wages that the final B&N will close in the next two years. I also think running a used book store will be the next form of “artisanal” commerce.