Relative to normal weight, grades 2 and 3 obesity were associated with significantly higher all-cause mortality. Grade 1 obesity overall was not associated with higher mortality, and overweight was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality.
Summary Random-Effects Hazard Ratios (HRs) of All-Cause Mortality
for Overweight and Obesity
Relative to Normal Weight
| BMI Criteria | Summary HR | |
| Underweight | BMI of ≤18.5 | ≫1.00 |
| Normal Weight | BMI of 18.5-<25 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | BMI of 25-<30 | 0.94 |
| Grade 1 obesity | BMI of 30-<35 | 0.95 |
| Grades 2 and 3 obesity | BMI of ≥35 | 1.29 |
Association of All-Cause Mortality With Overweight and Obesity Using Standard Body Mass Index Categories
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
by Katherine M. Flegal, PhD; Brian K. Kit, MD; Heather Orpana, PhD; Barry I. Graubard, PhD
JAMA. 2013;309(1):71-82. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.113905. Text Size: A A A
The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol 309, No. 1
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1555137
Importance Estimates of the relative mortality risks associated with normal weight, overweight, and obesity may help to inform decision making in the clinical setting.
Objective To perform a systematic review of reported hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality for overweight and obesity relative to normal weight in the general population.
Data Sources PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases were searched through September 30, 2012, without language restrictions.
Study Selection Articles that reported HRs for all-cause mortality using standard body mass index (BMI) categories from prospective studies of general populations of adults were selected by consensus among multiple reviewers. Studies were excluded that used nonstandard categories or that were limited to adolescents or to those with specific medical conditions or to those undergoing specific procedures. PubMed searches yielded 7034 articles, of which 141 (2.0%) were eligible. An EMBASE search yielded 2 additional articles. After eliminating overlap, 97 studies were retained for analysis, providing a combined sample size of more than 2.88 million individuals and more than 270 000 deaths.
Data Extraction Data were extracted by 1 reviewer and then reviewed by 3 independent reviewers. We selected the most complex model available for the full sample and used a variety of sensitivity analyses to address issues of possible overadjustment (adjusted for factors in causal pathway) or underadjustment (not adjusted for at least age, sex, and smoking).
Results Random-effects summary all-cause mortality HRs for overweight (BMI of 25-<30), obesity (BMI of ≥30), grade 1 obesity (BMI of 30-<35), and grades 2 and 3 obesity (BMI of ≥35) were calculated relative to normal weight (BMI of 18.5-<25). The summary HRs were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.96) for overweight, 1.18 (95% CI, 1.12-1.25) for obesity (all grades combined), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88-1.01) for grade 1 obesity, and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.18-1.41) for grades 2 and 3 obesity. These findings persisted when limited to studies with measured weight and height that were considered to be adequately adjusted. The HRs tended to be higher when weight and height were self-reported rather than measured.
Conclusions and Relevance Relative to normal weight, both obesity (all grades) and grades 2 and 3 obesity were associated with significantly higher all-cause mortality. Grade 1 obesity overall was not associated with higher mortality, and overweight was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality. The use of predefined standard BMI groupings can facilitate between-study comparisons.
The topic of the mortality differences between weight categories has sometimes been described as controversial. The appearance of controversy may arise in part because studies of body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and mortality have used a wide variety of BMI categories and varying reference categories, which can make findings appear more variable than when standard categories are used and also can make it difficult to compare and synthesize studies. A report in 1997 from the World Health Organization Consultation on Obesity defined BMI-based categories of underweight, normal weight, preobesity, and obesity. The same cutoff BMI values were adopted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in 1998.
In this study, we used the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s terminology with categories of underweight (BMI of <18.5), normal weight (BMI of 18.5-<25), overweight (BMI of 25-<30), and obesity (BMI of ≥30). Grade 1 obesity was defined as a BMI of 30 to less than 35; grade 2 obesity, a BMI of 35 to less than 40; and grade 3 obesity, a BMI of 40 or greater. These standard categories have been increasingly used in published studies of BMI and mortality, but the literature reporting these results has not been systematically reviewed.
The purpose of this study was to compile and summarize published analyses of BMI and all-cause mortality that provide hazard ratios (HRs) for standard BMI categories. We followed the guidelines in the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement4 for reporting of systematic reviews.
BMI が 25~30 の過体重の人のほうが、BMI が 18.5~25 の普通体重の人よりも、
死亡リスクが6%も低い
BMI が 30~35 の肥満の人のほうが、BMI が 18.5~25 の普通体重の人よりも、
死亡リスクが5%も低い
こういう Evidence (科学的根拠) があるにもかかわらず、厚生労働省の言うことだけを聞く医療関係者は「やせろ」「やせろ」と大合唱する。
その大合唱が、病院や製薬会社をはじめとする医療ビジネスの繁栄のためだということはわかっていても、あわれな患者たちはその大合唱に従う。
長生きしたけりゃデブがいい 世界的研究が証明する医学の真実
by 新見正則