Wen-Jui Kuo, Tomas Sjöström, Yu-Ping Chen, Yen-Hsiang Wang, Chen-Ying Huang

When rewards did not depend on their answers, blue and red were about equally popular colors, the most popular numbers were 7, 2 and 10, and only 6.8 % named the current year. However, when the game was turned into a pure coordination game, by rewarding those who matched the choices of others, red became by far the most frequent color, 1 the most frequent number, and 61.1 % named the current year. Red, 1 and the current year had become “focal points”, objects with “symbolic or connotative characteristics that transcend the mathematical structure of the game”. Automatic (fast, effortless) recognition of salient characteristics of complex high-dimensional objects is typical of intuitive judgments. Focal points must have properties that each participant recognizes as being salient not only to herself but also to others, but this too may be at least partly an intuitive judgment, using salience to one’s self as an input. In general, intuition and deliberative reasoning are mental processes with very different properties. Intuition is fast, automatic, emotional and effortless. Reasoning is slow, rule-governed, controlled and effortful.

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  1. shinichi Post author

    Intuition and Deliberation: Two Systems for Strategizing in the Brain

    by Wen-Jui Kuo, Tomas Sjöström, Yu-Ping Chen, Yen-Hsiang Wang and Chen-Ying Huang

    https://editorialexpress.com/cgi-bin/conference/download.cgi?db_name=FEMES09&paper_id=202

    Dual-process theories distinguish between intuition (fast and emotional) and reasoning (slow and controlled) as a basis for human decision-making. We contrast dominance-solvable games, which can be solved by step-by-step deliberative reasoning, with pure coordination games, which must be solved intuitively. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that the middle frontal gyrus, the inferior parietal lobule, and the precuneus were more active in dominance-solvable games than in coordination games. The insula and anterior cingulate cortex showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, precuneus activity correlates positively with how “effortful” a dominance-solvable game is, whereas insula activity correlates positively with how “effortless” a coordination game is.

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