異なる人間グループを
異なる生物学的種であるかのように扱うことを
Pseudospeciation（疑似種分化）という
それは othering（他者化）の一形態で
文化の違いは speciation（種分化）に似ているとされ
out-groups（他の文化集団）の非人間化につながってゆく
ある集団の人たちが Pseudospeciation の考えで
別の集団の人たちのことを
遺伝的に劣った種だと決めつける
大戦前に 日本人が朝鮮人を
大戦中は ドイツ人がユダヤ人を
そして アメリカ人が日本人を
大戦後は アメリカ人がベトナム人を
劣った種だと決めつけて
差別し 虐待し 虐殺し 非人間化した
Pseudospeciation に 被害者と加害者があるのなら
朝鮮人とユダヤ人は被害者で
ドイツ人とアメリカ人は加害者で
日本人だけが被害者で加害者だ
被害者が加害者を崇め奉り
進んで属国になってしまえば
自分たちが何なのかすら わからなくなる
日本人にとって日本とは何なのか
日本人にとって日本とは何だったのか
問い続けたところで答えはでない
自分たちのことを 優れた人種などと思うことなく
劣った人種などと思うこともなく
みんなと同じと思えるのならいい
みんなと同じだと思えたなら
私たちも人間になれたのだ
人間の仲間入りが できたのだ
Pseudospeciation
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudospeciation
Pseudospeciation is a form of othering, the treatment of different human groups as if they were different biological species. It begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separate into different social groups, with different language, dress, customs, etc. These cultural differences are claimed to be analogous to the formation of different biological species (speciation). In the extreme, pseudospeciation leads to dehumanization of other cultural groups (out-groups).
Pseudospeciation, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, refers to the tendency of members of in-groups to consider members of out-groups to have evolved genetically into different, separate, and inferior species to their own. The term was first used by Erik Erikson in 1966, according to his biographer, Lawrence J. Friedman. Dehumanization is one possible outcome of pseudospeciation, as is ethnic discrimination or genocide.
Francisco Gil-White proposed in 2001 that humans evolved in such a way that the brain perceives different ethnic groups to be equivalent to different biological ‘species’, thus suggesting that pseudospeciation is innate. His hypothesis has yet to receive widespread empirical support. His theory and data are found in Current Anthropology, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 515–554. Pseudospeciation is an especially virulent form of ethnocentrism. Karl Marlantes, in his book What It Is Like to Go to War (Grove Press, 2011), referred to pseudospeciation by American soldiers in World War II and in the Vietnam War as a coping mechanism for dealing with Japanese and Vietnamese soldiers differently from European (Germans and Italians for instance) soldiers in those wars. Since an underlying precept of pseudospeciation is the dehumanization of the enemy, it helps the soldiers rationalize barbaric or socially unacceptable behavior visited upon soldiers of a race and culture visually and contextually different from their own. One example Marlantes posits is the treatment of prisoners, or what might be characterized as the murder of soldiers attempting to surrender.
Erik Erikson coined the term “pseudo-speciation” to describe our xenophobic instinct. It is as if we rejected out of hand the unity of the species, setting up in its place a thousand egregious dichotomies.
—Melvin Konner, Why the Reckless Survive