- Constitutional theory defines a timocracy as either: a state where only property owners may participate in government; or a government in which love of honor is the ruling principle.
- Plutocracy is rule by the wealthy, or power provided by wealth.
- Ochlocracy is democracy (“rule of the people”) spoiled by demagoguery, “tyranny of the majority” and the rule of passion over reason; ochlocracy is synonymous in meaning and usage to the modern, informal term “mobocracy,” which emerged from a much more recent colloquial etymology.
- Oligocracy (“rule of a few”) is aristocracy (“rule of the best”) spoiled by corruption.
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