人間中心主義（anthropocentrism）の対義語を探すと
神中心主義（theocentricism）ばかりがヒットする
いつになったら欧米人は神から自由になれるのだろう
自然主義（naturalism）とかいったところで
そこには神の影がうろついていて
神を信じないことの難しさが透けて見える
いつの間にか 技術中心主義（Industrocentrism）や
テクノロジー中心主義（Technocentrism）が 蔓延っていて
それに対抗するかのように エコ中心主義（Ecocentrism）だとか
生命中心主義（Biocentrism）が 大きな顔をしている
矛盾する２つの主義を平気で信じる欧米人たちを
いったいどうやって理解すればいいのだろう
人間中心主義のまやかしや エコ中心主義の胡散臭さは
すべて 主義（-ism）という魔物から来ているのだ
まてよ こちらには 観（view）がある
自然観（View of Nature）
生命観（View of Life）
そうだ そのほうがいい
自然主義でなく 自然観
生命中心主義でなく 生命観
自然主義も生命中心主義も ついでに資本主義も共産主義も捨て
これからは観でいこう
自然主義
Naturalism
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)
In philosophy, naturalism is the idea or belief that only natural laws and forces (as opposed to supernatural ones) operate in the universe.
神中心主義
Theocentricism
Theocentricism is the belief that God is the central aspect to existence, as opposed to anthropocentrism and existentialism.[citation needed] In this view, meaning and value of actions done to people or the environment are attributed to God. The tenets of theocentrism, such as humility, respect, moderations, selflessness, and mindfulness, can lend themselves towards a form of environmentalism. In modern theology, theocentricism is often linked with stewardship and environmental ethics or Creation care. It is the belief that human beings should look after the world as guardians and therefore in the way God wants them to. Humans should be considerate to all, from animals to plants to humans themselves. It maintains that human beings are merely here for a short time and should be looking after the world for future generations.
エコ中心主義
Ecocentrism
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecocentrism
Ecocentrism is a term used by environmental philosophers and ecologists to denote a nature-centered, as opposed to human-centered (i.e. anthropocentric), system of values. The justification for ecocentrism usually consists in an ontological belief and subsequent ethical claim. The ontological belief denies that there are any existential divisions between human and non-human nature sufficient to claim that humans are either (a) the sole bearers of intrinsic value or (b) possess greater intrinsic value than non-human nature. Thus the subsequent ethical claim is for an equality of intrinsic value across human and non-human nature, or biospherical egalitarianism.
Relationship to other similar philosophies
Anthropocentrism
Ecocentrism is taken by its proponents to constitute a radical challenge to long-standing and deeply rooted anthropocentric attitudes in Western culture, science, and politics. Anthropocentrism is alleged to leave the case for the protection of non-human nature subject to the demands of human utility, and thus never more than contingent on the demands of human welfare. An ecocentric ethic, by contrast, is believed to be necessary in order to develop a non-contingent basis for protecting the natural world. Critics of ecocentrism have argued that it opens the doors to an anti-humanist morality that risks sacrificing human well-being for the sake of an ill-defined ‘greater good’.[10] Deep ecologist Arne Naess has identified anthropocentrism as a root cause of the ecological crisis, human overpopulation, and the extinctions of many non-human species.[11] Lupinacci also points to anthropocentrism as a root cause of environmental degradation.[12] Others point to the gradual historical realization that humans are not the centre of all things, that “A few hundred years ago, with some reluctance, Western people admitted that the planets, Sun and stars did not circle around their abode. In short, our thoughts and concepts though irreducibly anthropomorphic need not be anthropocentric.”[13]
Industrocentrism
It sees all things on earth as resources to be utilized by humans or to be commodified. This view is the opposite of anthropocentrism and ecocentrism.[14]
Technocentrism
Ecocentrism is also contrasted with technocentrism (meaning values centred on technology) as two opposing perspectives on attitudes towards human technology and its ability to affect, control and even protect the environment. Ecocentrics, including “deep green” ecologists, see themselves as being subject to nature, rather than in control of it. They lack faith in modern technology and the bureaucracy attached to it. Ecocentrics will argue that the natural world should be respected for its processes and products, and that low impact technology and self-reliance is more desirable than technological control of nature.[15] Technocentrics,[16] including imperialists, have absolute faith in technology and industry and firmly believe that humans have control over nature. Although technocentrics may accept that environmental problems do exist, they do not see them as problems to be solved by a reduction in industry. Indeed, technocentrics see that the way forward for developed and developing countries and the solutions to our environmental problems today lie in scientific and technological advancement.[15]
Biocentrism
The distinction between biocentrism [17] and ecocentrism is ill-defined. Ecocentrism recognizes Earth’s interactive living and non-living systems rather than just the Earth’s organisms (biocentrism) as central in importance.[18] The term has been used by those advocating “left biocentrism”, combining deep ecology with an “anti-industrial and anti-capitalist” position (David Orton et al.).
生命中心主義
生態学的、地球中心主義的な世界観を強調する哲学のこと。
生命中心主義は、人間と自然を人間中心主義に見られるような「支配-被支配」という関係ではなく、有機的なつながりを持つ生態系の一員であるにすぎないとみなす。
人間以外の構成員は、自然の法則に忠実にしたがっているが、人間のみが自己利益のために自然の法則を無視していると考える。このため、人間は他の構成員に対して、道徳的義務を一方的に負わねばならず、生態系はその倫理的対象となる。
つまり、生命中心主義の立場における環境保護は、人間の利益のため行うものではなく、生態系それ自身がもつ価値を守るために行うこととなる。このような生命中心主義は、その後、自然の権利思想へと発展することとなった。
自然観
環境イノベーション情報機構
https://www.eic.or.jp/ecoterm/?act=view&serial=1066
自然観
View of Nature
人間の自然に対する位置づけ、評価の方法。自然観は、永遠不変なものではなく、時代や場所、自然条件、社会制度、文化など様々な要素によって歴史的に変化するものである。
例えば、自然条件の厳しい不毛な地域では自然は過酷なものと認識され、自然に対して恐怖と支配したいという感情に駆り立てられた。一方で、自然の豊かな地域では、自然は恵みであり、感謝の念を抱く存在であり、自然に対する情愛とともに自然との共生という感情が育まれた。現在の支配的な自然観は、人間中心的な自然観（人間中心主義）であり、自然は人間の欲望を満たすための存在であるとみなされる。人類が環境問題を引き起こした根本原因はこの人間中心的な自然観であるとの反省から、最近では生態学的理解を背景とした生命中心的な自然観（生命中心主義）も唱えられている。