心理学におけるレジリエンス（resilience）とは、社会的ディスアドバンテージや、己に不利な状況において、そういった状況に自身のライフタスクを対応させる個人の能力と定義される。自己に不利な状況、あるいはストレス（stress）とは、家族、人間関係、健康問題、職場や金銭的な心配事、その他より起こり得る。
「脆弱性（vulnerability）」の反対の概念であり、自発的治癒力の意味である。「精神的回復力」「抵抗力」「復元力」「耐久力」「再起力」などとも訳されるが、訳語を用いずそのままレジリエンス、またはレジリアンスと表記して用いることが多い。
レジリエンス（resilience）は、元々はストレス（stress）とともに科学・工学の用語であった。ストレスは「外力による歪み」を意味し、レジリエンスはそれに対して「外力による歪みを跳ね返す力（ability to absorb or avoid damage without suffering complete failure）」を意味する。
レジリエンス (心理学)
ウィキペディア
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/レジリエンス (心理学)
Psychological resilience
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_resilience
Psychological resilience is the ability to cope mentally and emotionally with a crisis, or to return to pre-crisis status quickly.
The term was popularized in the 1970s and 1980s by psychologist Emmy Werner as she conducted a forty-year-long study of a cohort of Hawaiian children who came from low socioeconomic status backgrounds.
Numerous factors influence a person’s level of resilience. Internal factors include personal characteristics such as self-esteem, self-regulation, and a positive outlook on life. External factors include social support systems, including relationships with family, friends, and community, as well as access to resources and opportunities.
People can leverage psychological interventions and other strategies to enhance their resilience and better cope with adversity. These include cognitive-behavioral techniques, mindfulness practices, building psychosocial factors, fostering positive emotions, and promoting self-compassion.
Resilience (engineering and construction)
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilience_(engineering_and_construction)
In the fields of engineering and construction, resilience is the ability to absorb or avoid damage without suffering complete failure and is an objective of design, maintenance and restoration for buildings and infrastructure, as well as communities. A more comprehensive definition is that it is the ability to respond, absorb, and adapt to, as well as recover in a disruptive event. A resilient structure/system/community is expected to be able to resist to an extreme event with minimal damages and functionality disruptions during the event; after the event, it should be able to rapidly recovery its functionality similar to or even better than the pre-event level.
The concept of resilience originated from engineering and then gradually applied to other fields. It is related to that of vulnerability. Both terms are specific to the event perturbation, meaning that a system/infrastructure/community may be more vulnerable or less resilient to one event than another one. However, they are not the same. One obvious difference is that vulnerability focuses on the evaluation of system susceptibility in the pre-event phase; resilience emphasizes the dynamic features in the pre-event, during-event, and post-event phases.
Resilience is a multi-facet property, covering four dimensions: technical, organization, social and economic. Therefore, using one metric may not be representative to describe and quantify resilience. In engineering, resilience is characterized by four Rs: robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity. Current research studies have developed various ways to quantify resilience from multiple aspects, such as functionality- and socioeconomic- related aspects.
The built environment need resilience to existing and emerging threats such as severe wind storms or earthquakes and creating robustness and redundancy in building design. New implications of changing conditions on the efficiency of different approaches to design and planning can be addressed in the following term.
Engineering resilience has inspired other fields and influenced the way how they interpret resilience, e.g. supply chain resilience.