Every language has a word expressing good in the sense of “having the right or desirable quality” (ἀρετή) and bad in the sense “undesirable”. A sense of moral judgement and a distinction “right and wrong, good and bad” are cultural universals.

The following are unique to humans:
abstraction in speech & thought; actions under self-control distinguished from those not under control; aesthetics; affection expressed and felt; age grades; age statuses; age terms; ambivalence; anthropomorphization; anticipation; antonyms; attachment; baby talk; belief in supernatural/religion; beliefs, false; beliefs about death; beliefs about disease; beliefs about fortune and misfortune; binary cognitive distinctions; biological mother and social mother normally the same person; black (color term); body adornment; childbirth customs; childcare; childhood fears; childhood fear of loud noises; childhood fear of strangers; choice making (choosing alternatives); classification; classification of age; classification of behavioral propensities; classification of body parts; classification of colors; classification of fauna; classification of flora; classification of inner states; classification of kin; classification of sex; classification of space; classification of tools; classification of weather conditions; coalitions; collective identities; conflict; conflict, consultation to deal with; conflict, means of dealing with; conflict, mediation of; conjectural reasoning; containers; continua (ordering as cognitive pattern); contrasting marked and nonmarked sememes (meaningful elements in language); cooking; cooperation; cooperative labor; copulation normally conducted in privacy; corporate (perpetual) statuses; coyness display; critical learning periods; crying; cultural variability; culture; culture/nature distinction; customary greetings; daily routines; dance; death rituals; decision making; decision making, collective; differential valuations; directions, giving of; discrepancies between speech, thought, and action; dispersed groups; distinguishing right and wrong; diurnality; divination; division of labor; division of labor by age; division of labor by sex; dominance/submission; dreams; dream interpretation; economic inequalities; economic inequalities, consciousness of; emotions; empathy; entification (treating patterns and relations as things); environment, adjustments to; envy; envy, symbolic means of coping with; ethnocentrism; etiquette; explanation; face (word for); facial communication; facial expression of anger; facial expression of contempt; facial expression of disgust; facial expression of fear; facial expression of happiness; facial expression of surprise; facial expressions, masking/modifying of; fairness (equity), concept of; family (or household); father and mother, separate kin terms for; fears; fear of death; fears, ability to overcome some; feasting; females do more direct childcare; figurative speech; fire; folklore; food preferences; food sharing; future, attempts to predict; generosity admired; gestures; gift giving; good and bad distinguished; gossip; government; grammar; group living; groups that are not based on family; habituation; hairstyles; hand (word for); healing the sick (or attempting to); hope; hospitality; husband older than wife on average; hygienic care; identity, collective; imagery; incest between mother and son unthinkable or tabooed; incest, prevention or avoidance; in-group distinguished from out-group(s); in-group biases in favor of; inheritance rules; institutions (organized co-activities); insulting; intention; interest in bioforms (living things or things that resemble them); interpolation; interpreting behavior; intertwining (e.g., weaving); jokes; judging others; kin, close distinguished from distant; kin groups; kin terms translatable by basic relations of procreation; kinship statuses; language; language employed to manipulate others; language employed to misinform or mislead; language is translatable; language not a simple reflection of reality; language, prestige from proficient use of; law (rights and obligations); law (rules of membership); leaders; lever; likes and dislikes; linguistic redundancy; logical notions; logical notion of “and”; logical notion of “equivalent”; logical notion of “general/particular”; logical notion of “not”; logical notion of “opposite”; logical notion of “part/whole”; logical notion of “same”; magic; magic to increase life; magic to sustain life; magic to win love; making comparisons; male and female and adult and child seen as having different natures; males dominate public/political realm; males engage in more coalitional violence; males more aggressive; males more prone to lethal violence; males more prone to theft; males, on average, travel greater distances over lifetime; manipulate social relations; marking at phonemic, syntactic, and lexical levels; marriage; materialism; meal times; mearning, most units of are non-universal; measuring; medicine; melody; memory; mental maps; mentalese; metaphor; metonym; mood- or consciousness-altering techniques and/or substances; moral sentiments; moral sentiments, limited effective range of; morphemes; mother normally has consort during child-rearing years; mourning; murder proscribed; music; music, children’s; music related in part to dance; music related in part to religious activity; music seen as art (a creation); music, vocal; music, vocal, includes speech forms; musical redundancy; musical reptition; musical variation; myths; narrative; nomenclature (perhaps the same as classification); nonbodily decorative art; normal distinguished from abnormal states; nouns; numerals (counting); Oedipus complex; oligarchy (de facto); one (numeral); onomatopoeia; overestimating objectivity of thought; pain; past/present/future; person, concept of; personal names; phonemes; phonemes defined by set of minimally constrasting features; phonemes, merging of; phonemes, range from 10 to 70 in number; phonemic change, inevitability of; phonemic change, rules of; phonemic system; planning; planning for future; play; play to perfect skills; poetry/rhetoric; poetic line, uniform length range; poetic lines characterized by repetition and variation; poetic lines demarcated by pauses; polysemy (one word has several meanings); possessive, intimate; possessive, loose; practice to improve skills; precedence, concept of (that’s how the leopard got its spots); preference for own children and close kin (nepotism); prestige inequalities; pretend play; pride; private inner life; promise; pronouns; pronouns, minimum two numbers; pronouns, minimum three persons; proper names; property; proverbs, sayings; proverbs, sayings – in mutually contradictory forms; psychological defense mechanisms; rape; rape proscribed; reciprocal exchanges (0f labor, goods, or services); reciprocity, negative (revenge, retaliation); regocnition of individuals by face; redress of wrongs; resistance to abuse of poser, to dominance; rhythm; right-handedness as population norm; risk-taking; rites of passage; rituals; role and personality seen in dynamic interrlationship (i.e., departures from role can be explained in terms of individual personality); sanctions; sanctions fro crimes against the collectivity; sanctions include removal from the social unit; self-control; self distinguished from other; self as neither wholly passive nor wholly autonomous; self as subject and object; self-image, awareness of (concern for what others think); self-image, manipulation of; self-image, wanted to be positive; self is responsible; semantics; semantic category of affecting things and people; semantic category of dimension; semantic category of giving; semantic category of location; semantic category of motion; semantic category of other physical properties; semantic components; semantic components, generation; semantic components, sex; sememes, commonly used ones are short, infrequently used ones are longer; senses unified; sex differences in spatial cognition and behavior; sex (gender) terminology is fundamentally binary; sex statuses; sexual attraction; sexual attractiveness; sexual jealousy; sexual modesty; sexual regulation; sexual regulation includes incest prevention; sexuality as focus of interest; shame; shelter; sickness and death seen as related; snakes, wariness around; social structure; socialization; socialization expected from senior kin; socialization includes toilet training; spear; special speech for special occasions; statuses and roles; statuses, ascribed and achieved; statuses distinguished from individuals; statuses on other than sex, age, or kinship bases; stinginess, disapproval of; stop/nonstop contrasts (in speech sounds); succession; sucking wounds; sweets preferred; symbolism; symbolic speech; synesthetic metaphors; synonyms; taboos; tabooed foods; tabooed utterances; taxonomy; territoriality; thumb sucking; tickling; time; time, cyclicity of; tools; tool dependency; tool making; tools for cutting; tools to make tools; tools patterned culturally; tools, permament; tools for pounding; toys, playthings; trade; triangular awareness (assessinjg relationships among the self and two other people); true and false distinguished); turn-taking; two (numeral); tying material (i.e., something like string); units of time; verbs; violence, some forms of proscribed; visiting; vocalic/nonvocalic contrasts in phonemes; vowel contrasts; weaning; weapons; weather control (attempts to); while (color term); world view.